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Bibliography:
EU policing and Europol
Amongst
the most significant texts and websites are:
Europol
(European
Police Office). Created
initially as the Europol Drugs Unit (EDU) in January 1994, Europol is
responsible for coordinating
the activities of Member States' law-enforcement agencies.
27.11.95 Convention
based on Article K.3 of the Treaty on European Union, on the establishment of a
European Police Office (Europol Convention) (OJ
C316/95).
01.07.99: Communication
concerning the taking up of activities of Europol (OJ L185/99).
Publications
- includes Annual Reports (1998-2002), Organised Crime Reports, Serious Crime
Overviews (Trafficking in Human Beings: Child Abuse; Forgery of Money; Illegal
Immigration; Terrorism; Trafficking of Stolen Vehicles; Money Laundering).
1997: The Amsterdam
European Council asked the Council to implement the Action Plan drawn up by
the High Level Group on Organized Crime following the December 1996 Dublin
European Council. The Council
was asked to make a progress report on the Action Plan to the Cardiff
European Council in June 1998.
2000: A second
Action Plan The
prevention and control of organised crime: a European Union strategy for the
beginning of the new millennium (OJ C124/00; known as the Millennium
Strategy) is expected to be launched "in the second half of 2003."
These
initiatives are more specific than the 1998 Vienna Action Plan: Action
Plan of the Council and the Commission on how best to implement the provisions
of the Treaty of Amsterdam on an area of freedom, security and justice - Text
adopted by the Justice and Home Affairs Council of 3 December 1998 (OJ
C19/99).
2000: 20.06.00 Feira
European Council: Presidency Conclusions -
Appendix
4: concrete targets for police.
2000: 29.11.00
COM(2000)786 Communication
… The prevention of crime in the European Union - Reflection on common
guidelines and proposals for Community financial support.
Includes sections on the legal and political context, elements for a
European strategy, and instruments.
2001: 23.02.01
Council of the European Union European
crime prevention strategy.
Other
useful sources include:
Official
Journal of the European Union
(previously "of the European
Communities"), available in the EDC in the Brotherton Library and
online via EUR-Lex.
The
Amsterdam Treaty: a Comprehensive Guide.
Treaty
of Nice.
Europa,
the European Union's main website, managed by the European Commission, which
includes:
DG
Justice and Home Affairs
("Justice and home affairs from a European Commission perspective").
Scoreboard.
A bi-annual review of progress on
the creation of the area of freedom, security and justice agreed at
Tampere
.
Laeken
European Council 14-15
December 2001. Has sections devoted
to the European Arrest Warrant, terrorism, Eurojust,
Tampere
mid-term review.
AGIS:
framework programme on police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters
(replaced Falcone,
Hippokrates,
Oisin
II, Stop
II).
Daphne:
to combat violence against children, young people and women (now expired - might
be revived in 2004).
SCADPlus: Area of
Security. Background / explanatory texts; includes sections on police
cooperation, judicial cooperation in criminal matters, fight against organised
crime, fight against trafficking in human beings, fight against cross-border
corruption, fight against fraud, fight against drug trafficking, customs
cooperation.
Europarl
- the European Parliament website:
Tampere
European Council 15-16 October 1999 Presidency
Conclusions. The European
Council held a special meeting in
Tampere
on the creation of an area of freedom, security and justice in the European
Union.
Freedom,
security and justice - an agenda for Europe
(includes 'factsheets
referring to a strategy for implementing the area of freedom, security and
justice' and progress
reports following the Tampere European Council).
Council
of the European Union
website:
Cooperation
in the fields of Justice and Home Affairs (JHA).
Press releases: Justice
and Home Affairs.
EU Police Mission in Bosnia-Herzegovina (EUPM).
European Council: Presidency
Conclusions.
Additional
useful sources on EU policing and Europol:
Documents
1991: 28.06.91 Council
Directive 91/308/EEC of 10 June 1991 on prevention of the use of the financial
system for the purpose of money laundering. (OJ L166/91).
09.12.98: Joint
Action of 3 December 1998 adopted by the Council on the basis of Article K.3 of
the Treaty on European Union, on money laundering, the identification, tracing,
freezing, seizing and confiscation of instrumentalities and the proceeds from
crime (OJ L333/98).
04.12.01: Directive
2001/97/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 December 2001
amending Council Directive 91/308/EEC on prevention
of the use of the financial system for the purpose of money laundering -
Commission Declaration (OJ L344/01).
1991: 13.09.91 Council
Directive 91/477/EEC of 18 June 1991 on control of the acquisition and
possession of weapons (OJ
L256/91).
1995: 27.11.95 Council
Act of 26 July 1995 drawing up the Convention on the protection of the European
Communities' financial interests and Convention
drawn up on the basis of Article K.3 of the Treaty on European Union, on the
protection of the European Communities' financial interests (OJ C316/95).
23.12.95: Council
Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 2988/95 of 18 December 1995 on the protection of the
European Communities financial interests (OJ L312/95).
1996: 03.05.96 Council
Recommendation of 22 April 1996 on guidelines for preventing and restraining
disorder connected with football matches
(OJ
C131/96) and 24.06.97 Council
Resolution of 9 June 1997 on preventing and restraining football hooliganism
through the exchange of experience, exclusion from stadiums and media policy
(OJ
C193/97). 08.05.01 Council
Decision of 25 April 2002 concerning security in connection with football
matches with an international dimension (OJ
L121/02).
1997: 04.03.97 Joint
Action of 24 February 1997 adopted by the Council on the basis of Article K.3 of
the Treaty on European Union concerning action to combat trafficking in human
beings and sexual exploitation of children (OJ L63/97).
21.12.00 COM(2000)854 Communication
… Combating trafficking in human beings and combating the sexual exploitation
of children and child pornography together with a
Proposal
for a Council Framework Decision on combating the sexual exploitation of
children and child pornography (OJ C62 E/01).
19.07.02: Council
Framework Decision of 19 July 2002 on combating trafficking in human beings
(OJ L203/02).
26.03.03 Commission
Decision of 25 March 2003 setting up a consultative group, to be known as the
‘Experts Group on Trafficking in Human Beings’ (OJ L79/03).
1999: 05.06.99 Common
Position of 27 May 1999 adopted by the Council on the basis of Article 34 of the
Treaty on European Union, on negotiations relating to the Draft Convention on
Cyber Crime held in the Council of Europe (OJ L142/99).
The October 1999 Tampere
European Council concluded that high-tech crime should be of interest to the
EU. 26.01.01:
COM(2000)890 Communication
... Creating a Safer Information Society by Improving the Security of
Information Infrastructures and Combating Computer-related Crime (the
EU
Forum on Cyber-crime was subsequently established).
09.06.00 Council
Decision of 29 May 2000 to combat child pornography on the Internet (OJ L138/00).
2000: 22.09.00 The
Schengen acquis (OJ L239/00)
"sets out the Schengen acquis as it stood when it was integrated into the
European Union on the entry into force of the Treaty of Amsterdam" and
"also lists the provisions and decisions forming part of the Schengen
acquis which concern the Schengen information system (SIS)".
Organisations,
groups, networks
Council
of
Europe
Homepage
Publications catalogue
Council of Europe conventions, including:
1957: European
Convention on Extradition
1959: European
Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters
1970: European
Convention on the International Validity of Criminal Judgments
1977: European
Convention on the Suppression of Terrorism
1978: European
Convention on the Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Firearms by
Individuals
1983: Convention
on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons
1985: European
Convention on Spectator Violence and Misbehaviour at Sports Events and in
particular at Football Matches
1990: Convention
on Laundering, Search, Seizure and Confiscation of the Proceeds from Crime
2001: Convention
on Cybercrime
EU
Forum on Organised Crime Prevention
Launched May 2001; comprises "national law-enforcement authorities,
business and professional groups, academic researchers, non-governmental
organisations and civil society." Also
referred to as the European
Forum on Organised Crime.
Details.
European
Crime-Prevention Network
Set up in 2001 as a result of the Tampere European Council, to tackle in
particular urban,
juvenile and drug-related crime.
Homepage.
2001: 08.06.01 Council
Decision of 28 May 2001 setting up a European crime prevention network
(OJ
L153/01)
European
Judicial Network
Inaugurated September 1998.
Homepage
European
Police Chiefs’ Task Force
First met in April
2000.
Details
European
Police
College
CEPOL was created in
December 2000, as a training academy for senior and middle-ranking EU
law-enforcement officials.
Homepage
2000: 30.12.00 Council
Decision of 22 December 2000 establishing a European Police College (CEPOL)
(OJ L336/00)
European
Union Police
Mission
in
Bosnia and Herzegovina
The
Union
's first international civilian peacekeeping mission, the EUPM took over from
the United Nation's International Police Task Force on
1 January 2003
and is scheduled to last three years.
Homepage
Council Joint Action of 11 March 2002 on the European Union Police Mission
Financial
Action Task Force on Money Laundering
FATF was created in 1989 by the European Commission, the G7 and eight other
countries.
Homepage
Documents
G8
Canadian G8 Presidency, 2002
French G8 Presidency, 2003
Experts Group on Transnational Organized Crime - Lyon Group
Drugs and international crime
(1998)
G8 Recommendations on Transnational Crime
(2002)
House
of Lords: European Union
Select Committee: List
of sub-committees (Sub-Committee F is responsible for Home Affairs); List
of Reports.
2003: 18.07.03 EU/US
Agreements on Extradition and Mutual Legal Assistance (38th
Report)
2003: 07.05.03 Government
Responses: Review of Scrutiny; Europol's Role in Fighting Crime; and EU Russia
Relations (20th Report)
2003: 06.02.03 Europol's
role in Fighting Crime (5th Report)
2002: 30.07.02 Combating
Racism and Xenophobia - Defining Criminal Offences in the EU (29th
Report)
2002: 06.03.02 The
European Arrest Warrant (16th Report)
2001: 15.11.01 Counter
Terrorism: The European Arrest Warrant (6th Report)
2000: 02.08.00 Convention
on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters Between the Member States of the
European Union - The Final Stages (12th Report)
2000: 09.03.00 UK
Participation in the Schengen Acquis HL (5th Report)
International
Center
for the Prevention of Crime
Created in 1994 "in response to calls for action from local
authorities"
Homepage
Publications
Interpol
Homepage
Legal materials
Publications
Statewatch
Homepage
'Observatory' on EU plans to counter protests
The EU-FBI telecommunications surveillance system
United
Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
Homepage
Crime Programme
Crime and Justice Information Network (UNCJIN)
2000: Convention
Against Transnational Organized Crime
Publications
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