Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics (LIGHT)

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death and disability in the UK. Substantial quantities of rich longitudinal and cross-sectional data are available to study the  quality of care provided by healthcare professionals and hospitals as part of the National Health Service to patients with cardiovascular disease. Our research utilises descriptive and analytical epidemiological techniques to better understand, undertake comparative effectiveness analyses and therefore improve the quality care of patients with cardiovascular disease. We study regional and national, clinical and administrative, independent and bespoke linked cardiovascular databases, including the Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project (MINAP), British Cardiovascular Intervention Society (BCIS) database, National Audit of Cardiac Rehabilitation (NACR), Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) and the Evaluation of the Methods and Management of Acute Coronary Events (EMMACE)-1, 2, 3 & 4 databases. We have a specific interest in acute coronary syndromes (heart attacks) and are keen to study healthcare performance, provider (Primary Care Trust, hospital and healthcare professional) variations in care and evaluate contemporary approaches to the management of acute coronary syndromes.

Threapleton D; Greenwood DC; Cleghorn C; Woodhead C; Evans CE; Nykjaer C; Cade JE; Gale C; Burley VJ (2013) Dietary fiber intake and risk of first stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke, .

Cowan C; Healicon R; Robson I; Long WR; Barrett J; Fay M; Tyndall K; Gale CP (2013) The use of anticoagulants in the management of atrial fibrillation among general practices in England. Heart, .

Simms AD; Reynolds S; Pieper K; Baxter PD; Cattle BA; Batin PD; Wilson JI; Deanfield JE; West RM; Fox KA; Hall AS; Gale CP (2013) Evaluation of the NICE mini-GRACE risk scores for acute myocardial infarction using the Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project (MINAP) 2003-2009: National Institute for Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (NICOR). Heart, 99 (1), pp. 35-40.

Laut KG; Kristensen SD; Lash TL; Gale CP (2013) Determinants and patterns of utilization of primary percutaneous coronary intervention across 12 European countries: 2003-2008. International Journal of Cardiology, .

Gale CP; Cattle BA; Baxter PD; Greenwood DC; Simms AD; Deanfield J; Fox KA; Hall AS; West RM (2012) Age-dependent inequalities in improvements in mortality occur early after acute myocardial infarction in 478,242 patients in the Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project (MINAP) registry. Int J Cardiol, .

Manda SO; Gale CP; Hall AS; Gilthorpe MS (2012) Statistical profiling of hospital performance using acute coronary syndrome mortality. Cardiovasc J Afr, 23 (10), pp. 546-551.

Gale CP; Weston C; Denaxas S; Cunningham D; Boyle R; Deanfield JE; De Belder MA; Gray HH (2012) Engaging with the clinical data transparency initiative: A view from the National Institute for Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (NICOR). Heart, 98 (14), pp. 1040-1043.

Gale CP; Cattle BA; Woolston A; Baxter PD; West TH; Simms AD; Blaxill J; Greenwood DC; Fox KA; West RM (2012) Resolving inequalities in care? Reduced mortality in the elderly after acute coronary syndromes. The Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project 2003-2010. Eur Heart J, 33 (5), pp. 630-639.

Lown MT; Munyombwe T; Harrison W; West RM; Hall CA; Morrell C; Jackson BM; Sapsford RJ; Kilcullen N; Pepper CB; Batin PD; Hall AS; Gale CP; Evaluation of Methods and Management of Acute Coronary Events (EMMACE) Investigators (2012) Association of frontal QRS-T angle--age risk score on admission electrocardiogram with mortality in patients admitted with an acute coronary syndrome. Am J Cardiol, 109 (3), pp. 307-313.

Dobson LE; Lewin RJ; Doherty P; Batin PD; Megarry S; Gale CP (2012) Is cardiac rehabilitation still relevant in the new millennium?. JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE, 13 (1), pp. 32-37.

Simms AD; Batin PD; Kurian J; Durham N; Gale CP (2012) Acute coronary syndromes: an old age problem. JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC CARDIOLOGY, 9 (2), pp. 192-196.

Gale CP; Cattle BA; Moore J; Dawe H; Greenwood DC; West RM (2011) Impact of missing data on standardised mortality ratios for acute myocardial infarction: evidence from the Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project (MINAP) 2004-7. Heart, 97 (23), pp. 1926-1931.

Gale CP; Metcalfe E; West RM; Das R; Kilcullen N; Morrell C; Crook R; Batin PD; Hall AS; Barth JH (2011) An assessment of the concentration-related prognostic value of cardiac troponin I following acute coronary syndrome. Am J Cardiol, 108 (9), pp. 1259-1265.

Cattle BA; Baxter PD; Greenwood DC; Gale CP; West RM (2011) Multiple imputation for completion of a national clinical audit dataset. Stat Med, 30 (22), pp. 2736-2753.

Gale CP; White JE; Hunter A; Owen J; Allen J; Watson J; Holbrook I; Durham NP; Pye MP (2011) Predicting mortality and hospital admission in patients with COPD: significance of NT pro-BNP, clinical and echocardiographic assessment. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown), 12 (9), pp. 613-618.

Gale CP; Metcalfe E; Simms AD; West R; Morrell C; Munyombwe T; Harrison W; Batin PD; Hall AS; Barth JH (2011) AN ASSESSMENT OF THE CONCENTRATION-RELATED PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF CARDIAC TROPONIN I IN 1285 PATIENTS FOLLOWING ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME. J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H, 65 , pp. A198-A199.

Cubbon RM; Gale CP; Kearney LC; Schechter CB; Brooksby WP; Nolan J; Fox KA; Rajwani A; Baig W; Groves D; Barlow P; Fisher AC; Batin PD; Kahn MB; Zaman AG; Shah AM; Byrne JA; Lindsay SJ; Sapsford RJ; Wheatcroft SB; Witte KK; Kearney MT (2011) Changing characteristics and mode of death associated with chronic heart failure caused by left ventricular systolic dysfunction: a study across therapeutic eras. Circ Heart Fail, 4 (4), pp. 396-403.

Gale CP; Thow J; Batin PD; Hall AS (2011) Impact of diabetes on long-term mortality after presentation with acute myocardial infarction. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown), 12 (6), pp. 387-389.

Gale CP; Thow J; Batin PD; Hall AS (2011) Editorial: Impact of diabetes on long-term mortality after presentation with acute myocardial infarction. Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine, 12 (6), pp. 387-389.

West RM; Cattle BA; Bouyssie M; Squire I; de Belder M; Fox KA; Boyle R; McLenachan JM; Batin PD; Greenwood DC; Gale CP (2011) Impact of hospital proportion and volume on primary percutaneous coronary intervention performance in England and Wales. Eur Heart J, 32 (6), pp. 706-711.

Gale CP; Cattle BA; Moore J; Dawe H; Greenwood DC; West RM (2011) Impact of missing data on standardised mortality ratios for acute myocardial infarction: Evidence from the Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project (MINAP) 2004-7. Heart, .

Gale CP; West RM; Cattle BA; Squire I; De Belder MA; Fox KA; Hall AS; Pearson IR; Boyle R; McLenachan JM; Batin PD; Greenwood DC (2010) The Association of Volume of Patients Admitted with ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction, and the Proportion receiving Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, with Time Delays and Mortality: The Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project (MINAP) 2004-7. CIRCULATION, 122 (21).

Gale CP; White JE; Owen J; Allen J; Watson J; Holbrook I; Hall AS; Durham N; Pearson IR; Pye MA (2010) Clinical and Echocardiographic Determinants of N-Terminal Pro B-type Natriuretic Peptide Level in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Airways Disease: A Prospective Observational Study of 140 Patients. CIRCULATION, 122 (21).

Cubbon RM; Gale CP; Kearney LC; Brooksby P; Nolan J; Fox KA; Rajwani A; Baig W; Batin PD; Kahn MB; Zaman AG; Shah A; Lindsay S; Sapsford RJ; Wheatcroft SB; Witte KK; Kearney MT (2010) Changing Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients with Chronic Heart Failure due to Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction: a Study Across Therapeutic Eras. CIRCULATION, 122 (21).

Pearson IR; Hall AS; Gale CP; Sivananthan MU; Viswanathan K; Kilcullen N; Barth JH (2010) In Acute Coronary Syndromes, Heart-type Fatty Acid Binding Protein is a More Accurate Predictor of Long Term Prognosis than Troponin. CIRCULATION, 122 (21).

Pearson IR; Gale CP; Munyombwe T; Davis GK; Hall AS; Sivananthan MU (2010) Mortality Rate after Left Main Stem Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Different Clinical Syndromes. CIRCULATION, 122 (21).

Lown MT; Gale CP; Cattle BA; West RM (2010) Letter by Lown et al Regarding Article, "Risk of Assessing Mortality Risk in Elective Cardiac Operations: Age, Creatinine, Ejection Fraction, and the Law of Parsimony". CIRCULATION, 121 (8), pp. E225-E225.

Artis NJ; Gale CP (2010) Development and validation of a clinical index to predict survival after cardiac resynchronisation therapy. Heart, 96 (5), pp. 388.

Artis NJ; Raina T; Gale CP (2010) Transvenous pacing - A dying art for a dying heart?. British Journal of Cardiology, 17 (1), pp. 11-12.

Gale CP; Cattle BA; Simms AD; Greenwood DC; West RM (2009) Predicting freedom from clinical events in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes. HEART, 95 (16), pp. 1355-1355.

Gale CP; Simms AD; Cattle BA; Greenwood D; West RM (2009) Point of care testing in acute coronary syndromes: when and how?. HEART, 95 (14), pp. 1128-1129.

Gale CP; Simms AD; Greenwood DS; West RM; Batin PD; Birkhead JS; Hall AS; Cattle BA (2009) Making the most of the Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project (MINAP). British Journal of Cardiology, 16 (4), pp. 159-161.

Cattle BA; Greenwood DC; Gale CP; West RM (2009) Door-to-balloon times: Ups and downs of balloon times. BMJ (Online), 338 (7710), pp. 1516-1516.

Gale CP; Manda SOM; Cattle BA; Weston CF; Birkhead JS; Batin PD; Hall AS; West RM (2009) Evaluation of risk scores for risk stratification of acute coronary syndromes Reply. HEART, 95 (12), pp. 1019-1020.

Gale CP; Cattle BA; West RM; Manda SOM; Weston CF; Birkhead JS; Batin PD; Hall AS (2009) The authors' reply. Heart, 95 (12), pp. 1019-1020.

Hoye SL; Gale CP; Tolan DJ; Pepper CB (2009) An unusual presentation of pulmonary artery dissection. Thorax, 64 (4), pp. 368.

Gale CP; Manda SOM; Weston CF; Birkhead JS; Batin PD; Hall AS (2009) Evaluation of risk scores for risk stratification of acute coronary syndromes in the Myocardial Infarction National Audit Project (MINAP) database. HEART, 95 (3), pp. 221-227.

Gale CP; Manda SOM; Batin PD; Weston CF; Birkhead JS; Hall AS (2008) Predictors of in-hospital mortality for patients admitted with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a real-world study using the Myocardial Infarction National Audit Project (MINAP) database. HEART, 94 (11), pp. 1407-1412.

Gale CP; Birkhead JS; Manda SOM (2008) Letter by gale et al regarding article, "which hospitals have significantly better or worse than expected mortality rates for acute myocardial infarction patients? improved risk adjustment with present-at-admission diagnoses". Circulation, 118 (1).

Gale CP; Birkhead JS; Manda SOM (2008) Which hospitals have significantly better or worse than expected mortality rates for acute myocardial infarction patients? Improved risk adjustment with present-at-admission diagnoses. CIRCULATION, 118 (1), pp. E9-E9.

Cubbon RM; Kahn M; Rajwani A; Gale CP; Kearney MT (2008) Echocardiography in the investigation of cardiomyopathy. Ultrasound, 16 (2), pp. 73-79.

Cubbon R; Gale CP; Rajwani AM; Abbas A; Morrell C; Das J; Barth J; Grant PJ; Kearney MT; Hall AS (2008) Aspirin and mortality in patients with diabetes sustaining acute coronary syndrome. Diabetes Care, 31 (2), pp. 363-365.

Gale CP; Bodenham AR (2008) Ultrasound-guided central venous access. British Journal of Cardiology, 15 (1), pp. 51-54.

Cubbon RM; Rajwani A; Abbas A; Gale CP; Hall AS; Kearney MT (2007) Mortality of patients with diabetes mellitus and acute myocardial infarction. Cardiology Review, 24 (10), pp. 22-26.

Cubbon RM; Rajwan A; Abbas A; Gale CP; Grant PJ; Wheatcroft SB; Barth JH; Kearney MT; Hall AS; EMMACE-2 Study Grp (2007) Hyperglycaemia, in relation to sex, and mortality after acute coronary syndrome. EUR J CARDIOV PREV R, 14 (5), pp. 666-671.

Cubbon R; Gale C; Grant PJ; Hall AS; Kearney MT (2007) Lower rates of heart failure and death in acute coronary syndromes. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 298 (9), pp. pp.969.

Gale CP; Manda SO; Hall AS (2007) Are acute coronary syndromes risk models too complex?. Eur Heart J, 28 (17), pp. 2175-2176.

Gale CP; Gale RP; Batin PD; Wilson J (2007) The European working time directive: Potential impact on cardiology specialist registrar training. British Journal of Cardiology, 14 (3), pp. 161-163.

Gale CP; Kashinath C; Brooksby P (2006) The association between hyperglycaemia and elevated troponin levels on mortality in acute coronary syndromes. Diab Vasc Dis Res, 3 (2), pp. 80-83.

Gale C; Roberts AP; Batin PD; Hall AS (2006) Funnel plots, performance variation and the Myocardial Infarction National Audit Project 2003-2004. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 6 , pp. pp.34.

Gale CP; Gale RP (2006) Is bedside teaching in cardiology necessary for the undergraduate education of medical students?. MED EDUC, 40 (1), pp. 11-13.

Lee JB; Ahmad S; Gale CP (2005) Detection of coins ingested by children using a handheld metal detector: a systematic review. EMERG MED J, 22 (12), pp. 839-844.

Gale CP; Roberts AP; Birkhead JS; Hall AS (2005) Understanding variation: Application of statistical process control to the Myocardial Infarction National Audit Project database for 2003-2004. HEART, 91 , pp. A41-A41.

Gale CP; Mulley GP (2005) A migrating pacemaker. Postgrad Med J, 81 (953), pp. 198-199.

Gale C; Futers TS; Summers LKM (2004) Common polymorphisms in the glyoxalase-1 gene and their association with pro-thrombotic factors. Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, 1 (1), pp. 34-39.

Gale RP; Gale CP; Roper TA; Mulley GP (2003) Depiction of elderly and disabled people on road traffic signs: international comparison. BRIT MED J, 327 (7429), pp. 1456-1457.

Gale CP; Mulley GP (2002) Pacemaker explosions in crematoria: problems and possible solutions. J R Soc Med, 95 (7), pp. 353-355.